August 2017

基於公平原則 應減輕意外傷害保險契約受益人之舉證責任 被保險人倘非老化 病死及細菌感染 原則上即應認係意外(台灣)

陳品蓉 律師
台灣高等法院於民國105年3月8日作成103年保險上字第1號民事判決(下稱本號判決)指出,基於公平原則,應減輕意外傷害保險契約受益人之舉證責任,被保險人倘非老化、病死及細菌感染,原則上即應認係意外。
本號判決事實為被上訴人主張其子以自己為被保險人,向上訴人投保系爭保險契約,並約定被上訴人為系爭保險契約之身故保險金受益人。嗣其子因意外事故誘發心肌梗塞而死亡,上訴人則以其子乃死於急性心肌梗塞導致之心因性休克,不符系爭保險契約約定之「外來突發事故」而拒絕理賠,故起訴請求給付保險金。
本號判決指出保險契約率皆為定型化契約,保險事故發生時,倘受益人不在現場,自難覓得目擊證人,鑒於保險制度具分散風險功能,於狀況不明時,應參酌民事訴訟法第277條但書「依其情形顯失公平」規定,減輕受益人之舉證責任。保險人如抗辯其非屬意外,自應就其抗辯之事實(老化、疾病及細菌感染)負證明之責,始符合舉證責任分配之原則。換言之,基於公平原則應減輕受益人之舉證責任;被保險人倘非老化、病死及細菌感染,原則上即應認係意外。
本號判決進而認為被上訴人之子在浴室滑倒撞擊頭部並長時間倒臥浴室失去意識及體溫降低,及嗣後發生死亡之結果,屬於意外確已盡證明之責。上訴人未能舉證此乃老化、疾病或細菌感染所致,自應給付保險金為由,駁回上訴人上訴。

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作者

Katty
Katty