April 2017

当事人于不背于法律强行规定及公序良俗之范围内得自由订定无因契约(台湾)

2017.01.12
阙立婷 律师
台湾高等法院台南分院于民国106年1月12日作成105年重上字第61号民事判决(下称本号判决)指出,当事人于不背于法律强行规定及公序良俗之范围内得自由订定无因契约。

本号判决事实为双方为同父异母兄弟,因被上诉人查知上诉人名下有自双方之父取得土地,故与他人共谋胁迫上诉人签发系争本票,欲以本票为执行名义声请强制执行上诉人名下土地获取利益。上诉人主张系争本票欠缺基础原因关系,不用为票载文义负责,起诉确认系争本票之债权不存在。

本号判决民法上之典型契约固均属有因契约,惟基于契约自由原则,当事人于不背于法律强行规定及公序良俗之范围内,亦得订定无因契约,此种由一方负担不标明原因之契约,自属无因行为。盖在私法领域内,基于契约自由原则,当事人得斟酌情况,权衡损益,依其意思所形成之权利义务关系,以追求其缔约之经济目的。

本件并认定被上诉人主张上诉人乃基于结算土地使用租金及分配继承土地之目的,始签立系争本票交付被上诉人,并提出相关证据为证,进而认订上诉人为结算上开长期未解之财产纷争,并以签发系争本票作为支付方式,属于双方协议之方式形成债权债务关系,是上诉人辩称双方间就系争本票债权并无基础原因关系存在云云,自属无据为由,驳回上诉,维持上诉人败诉之判决。

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