June 2017

召集程式違法而無效之董事會決議召集股東會 仍有董事會決議之外觀並據以召集股東會 尚不得逕認股東會決議不成立或無效(台灣)

2017.3.7
伍涵筠 律師
最高法院於民國106年3月7日作成106年臺上字第57號民事判決(下稱本號判決)指出,召集程式違法而無效之董事會決議召集股東會,仍有董事會決議之外觀並據以召集股東會,尚不得逕認股東會決議不成立或無效。

本號判決事實為本件A主張為B公司之股東及監察人,B公司之董事及董事長C未依法通知A出席即違法召集董事會並決議召集系爭股東會,且於系爭股東會決議分配盈餘及改選董監事(下稱系爭股東會決議),故先位訴請確認系爭股東會決議不成立或無效,後位請求撤銷系爭股東會決議。

本號判決先指出董事會未通知監察人列席陳述意見即逕為決議,該決議之效力如何,公司法雖未明文規定,惟此目的既在藉由監察人所具有之客觀、公正第三人立場,提供董事會不同觀點之討論空間,則董事會未通知監察人列席陳述意見逕為決議,其決議應屬無效。本件董事會召集未通知監察人所為決議應屬無效。

然而,本號判決進一步指出董事會決議召集股東會,雖董事會之召集程式違法而無效,惟既有董事會決議之外觀,並據以召集股東會,則該股東會自與由無召集權人召集之情形有別,尚不得逕認股東會決議不成立或無效,而應認僅屬召集程式之瑕疵,如違反之事實非屬重大且於決議無影響者,得駁回撤銷決議之請求。

本號判決進而認定A已出席系爭股東會且參與表決,又未對系爭股東會召集程式不合法提出異議,並受領盈餘分配,因此A實已有機會於系爭股東會中針對股東會召集程式之瑕疵提出異議。此外改選之董事及監察人亦已就任執行職務,而系爭董事會召集程式之瑕疵,實質上不會影響系爭股東會決議結果及B公司之利益,則系爭股東會召集程式之瑕疵,應認非屬重大,本號判決最後以上述理由,駁回A之上訴。

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