August 2017

载货证券上事先印就之制式记载 性质上属定型化契约条款 除有显失公平应认为无效外 对托运人、运送人及载货证券持有人均生拘束力。

翁乃方 律师
最高法院于民国105年1月20日作成105年台上字第105号民事判决(下称本号判决)指出,载货证券上事先印就之制式记载,性质上属定型化契约条款,除有显失公平应认为无效外,对托运人、运送人及载货证券持有人均生拘束力。
本号判决事实系诉外人A公司与我国厂商订购六千零十六件钢条(系争货物),经我国厂商委托B公司后,经B公司与他人订定定期佣船契约以该船舶运送系争货物,并由B公司签发以A公司为受货人之系争载货证券。待系争货物运抵时,发现货物上有锈蚀、氧化、变色、残留水渍等情形,经公证人查验,因系争船舶货舱舱口盖之橡胶垫圈缺乏弹性,舱口盖无法紧密闭合,运送途中海水渗入货舱而污损系争货物。本案上诉人为系争货物海上运送之保险人,已先依保险契约如数赔偿A公司而受让该损害赔偿债权,今起诉请求之。
原审认定载货证券为运送契约之证明,其上各项记载,除显有民法第247条之1所规定应属无效之情形外,应推定有拘束当事人之效力,始为合理适当。系争载货证券背面条款有关该证券应适用一九三六年美国海上货物运送条例之记载,核无显失公平之情事,并参以涉外民事法律适用法第43条规定之意旨,本件关于运送契约及载货证券之准据法,应为一九三六年美国海上货物运送条例。
最高法院判决肯认上述见解并指出,载货证券上事先印就之制式记载,性质上属定型化契约条款,除有显失公平应认为无效之情形外,对托运人、运送人及载货证券持有人均生拘束力。准此,本件原审以系争载货证券背面约定以一九三六年美国海上货物运送条例为准据法,即无不合等理由,驳回上诉人上诉。

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