April 2017

當事人於不背於法律強行規定及公序良俗之範圍內得自由訂定無因契約(台灣)

2017.01.12
闕立婷 律師
台灣高等法院台南分院於民國106年1月12日作成105年重上字第61號民事判決(下稱本號判決)指出,當事人於不背於法律強行規定及公序良俗之範圍內得自由訂定無因契約。

本號判決事實為兩造為同父異母兄弟,因被上訴人查知上訴人名下有自兩造之父取得土地,故與他人共謀脅迫上訴人簽發系爭本票,欲以本票為執行名義聲請強制執行上訴人名下土地獲取利益。上訴人主張系爭本票欠缺基礎原因關係,不用為票載文義負責,起訴確認系爭本票之債權不存在。

本號判決民法上之典型契約固均屬有因契約,惟基於契約自由原則,當事人於不背於法律強行規定及公序良俗之範圍內,亦得訂定無因契約,此種由一方負擔不標明原因之契約,自屬無因行為。蓋在私法領域內,基於契約自由原則,當事人得斟酌情況,權衡損益,依其意思所形成之權利義務關係,以追求其締約之經濟目的。

本件並認定被上訴人主張上訴人乃基於結算土地使用租金及分配繼承土地之目的,始簽立系爭本票交付被上訴人,並提出相關證據為證,進而認訂上訴人為結算上開長期未解之財產紛爭,並以簽發系爭本票作為支付方式,屬於雙方協議之方式形成債權債務關係,是上訴人辯稱兩造間就系爭本票債權並無基礎原因關係存在云云,自屬無據為由,駁回上訴,維持上訴人敗訴之判決。

The contents of all materials (Content) available on the website belong to and remain with Lee, Tsai & Partners.  All rights are reserved by Lee, Tsai & Partners, and the Content may not be reproduced, downloaded, disseminated, published, or transferred in any form or by any means, except with the prior permission of Lee, Tsai & Partners.  The Content is for informational purposes only and is not offered as legal or professional advice on any particular issue or case.  The Content may not reflect the most current legal and regulatory developments.

Lee, Tsai & Partners and the editors do not guarantee the accuracy of the Content and expressly disclaim any and all liability to any person in respect of the consequences of anything done or permitted to be done or omitted to be done wholly or partly in reliance upon the whole or any part of the Content. The contributing authors’ opinions do not represent the position of Lee, Tsai & Partners. If the reader has any suggestions or questions, please do not hesitate to contact Lee, Tsai & Partners.