August 2017

基于公平原则 应减轻意外伤害保险契约受益人之举证责任 被保险人倘非老化 病死及细菌感染 原则上即应认系意外(台湾)

陈品蓉 律师
台湾高等法院于民国105年3月8日作成103年保险上字第1号民事判决(下称本号判决)指出,基于公平原则,应减轻意外伤害保险契约受益人之举证责任,被保险人倘非老化、病死及细菌感染,原则上即应认系意外。
本号判决事实为被上诉人主张其子以自己为被保险人,向上诉人投保系争保险契约,并约定被上诉人为系争保险契约之身故保险金受益人。嗣其子因意外事故诱发心肌梗塞而死亡,上诉人则以其子乃死于急性心肌梗塞导致之心因性休克,不符系争保险契约约定之「外来突发事故」而拒绝理赔,故起诉请求给付保险金。
本号判决指出保险契约率皆为定型化契约,保险事故发生时,倘受益人不在现场,自难觅得目击证人,鉴于保险制度具分散风险功能,于状况不明时,应参酌民事诉讼法第277条但书「依其情形显失公平」规定,减轻受益人之举证责任。保险人如抗辩其非属意外,自应就其抗辩之事实(老化、疾病及细菌感染)负证明之责,始符合举证责任分配之原则。换言之,基于公平原则应减轻受益人之举证责任;被保险人倘非老化、病死及细菌感染,原则上即应认系意外。
本号判决进而认为被上诉人之子在浴室滑倒撞击头部并长时间倒卧浴室失去意识及体温降低,及嗣后发生死亡之结果,属于意外确已尽证明之责。上诉人未能举证此乃老化、疾病或细菌感染所致,自应给付保险金为由,驳回上诉人上诉。

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