August 2017

发票人交本票予执票人为履约之担保 事后却未依约返还投资本金予执票人 执票人行使本票权利 并无不当得利(台湾)

翁乃方 律师
台湾高等法院于民国105年5月24日作成105年上字第181号民事判决(下称本号判决)指出,发票人交本票予执票人为履约之担保,事后却未依约返还投资本金予执票人,执票人行使本票权利,并无不当得利。
上诉人主张:双方签署具有委任性质之系争合作协议,约定由被上诉人汇款至上诉人之账户,由上诉人代交由A公司从事跟单投资交易,获利结果于上诉人结单后将盈余汇入被上诉人指定账户。被上诉人汇款后,上诉人亦依约签发本票交付被上诉人收执,以为履行系争合作协议之担保。但因A公司之香港代理人事后卷款潜逃,致上诉人迄今未能回收被上诉人投资之资金,上诉人依约并不负投资资金回本义务,故其签发本票所担保之债务并不存在,上诉人以原因抗辩起诉确认本票债权不存在之诉。
本号判决指出遍阅系争合作协议之内容,并无只字词组提及上诉人于投资亏损时不负返还本金义务或类似之记载,甚且,依系争合作协议第1条、第4条规定,不论投资结果获利或亏损,被上诉人均得随时请求返还投资本金。据此,上诉人签发本票交付被上诉人收执,既在担保其履行系争合作协议之义务,上诉人事后复未依系争合作协议之约定返还投资本金予被上诉人,被上诉人自得执本票行使票据权利。又上诉人并未再举证证明被上诉人就本票之票据权利不存在,故不得徒以票据法第13条之票据直接前后手之原因关系(担保系争合作协议之履行),抗辩被上诉人执有之本票债权对其不存在。是以被上诉人执本票声请法院裁定准予强制执行后,据以声请法院对上诉人之财产强制执行,由被上诉人收取上诉人设于银行之存款,自属有法律上之原因,并不发生民法第179条之不当得利问题,故台湾高等法院以上诉人请求无理由而驳回其上诉。

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